In this paper, municipal solid waste (MSW) based electricity production and district heating (DH) potential
of Turkey are considered. Three MSW based waste-to-energy (WtE) scenarios is developed: (i)
Scenario-I, a DH system integrated into a gas turbine power plant (GTPP), (ii) Scenario-II, a DH system
integrated into an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and (iii) Scenario-III, which is based solely on a DH
system. As a result of the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analyzes of these developed scenarios
using an existing MSW-based cogeneration facility’s actual operating data, the system with the most
extended payback period (about 5 years) is found as the GTPP-DH system developed in Scenario-I, which
also has the highest investment cost. On the other hand, the system with the shortest payback period
(about 2 years) is found as the DH system developed in Scenario-III, which also has the lowest investment
cost. Overall exergy efficiencies of the GTTP-DH, ORC-DH, and DH systems are found to be 41.86%,
16.15%, and 31.87%, respectively. When the developed WtE scenarios adapted to the pilot provinces
selected from each geographical region of Turkey, it is found that the GTPP system developed in Scenario-
I can increase the power generation capacity of MSW plants for each province by about 20%.